Summary Tables

Row 2

Non-Seasonally Adjusted Summary Table

Series August 2025 +/- July 2025 Monthly Rate +/- August 2024 Yearly Rate Maximum Percent of Total
Total nonfarm 1,566,000 −500 −0.0% 4,400 0.3% 1,591,800 100.0%
Total private 1,388,700 −4,900 −0.4% 2,700 0.2% 1,402,500 88.7%
Goods-producing 188,100 −3,600 −1.9% −6,200 −3.2% 211,500 12.0%
Mining and logging 14,900 100 0.7% 0 0.0% 16,100 1.0%
Metal ore mining 10,800 0 0.0% −100 −0.9% 12,300 0.7%
Construction 105,300 −3,700 −3.4% −7,400 −6.6% 148,800 6.7%
Construction of buildings 17,400 −500 −2.8% −1,000 −5.4% 26,500 1.1%
Specialty trade contractors 77,600 −2,500 −3.1% −5,500 −6.6% 107,200 5.0%
Manufacturing 67,900 0 0.0% 1,200 1.8% 67,900 4.3%
Durable goods 46,000 0 0.0% 1,800 4.1% 46,000 2.9%
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing 7,200 0 0.0% 300 4.3% 9,000 0.5%
Other miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing 6,300 0 0.0% 300 5.0% 8,700 0.4%
Nondurable goods 21,900 0 0.0% −600 −2.7% 22,900 1.4%
Service-providing 1,377,900 3,100 0.2% 10,600 0.8% 1,398,400 88.0%
Private service-providing 1,200,600 −1,300 −0.1% 8,900 0.7% 1,209,100 76.7%
Trade, transportation, and utilities 290,900 0 0.0% −2,200 −0.8% 308,900 18.6%
Wholesale Trade 41,400 0 0.0% −1,000 −2.4% 43,000 2.6%
Retail trade 146,900 100 0.1% −1,900 −1.3% 156,600 9.4%
Food and beverage stores 28,300 −200 −0.7% −300 −1.0% 29,400 1.8%
Health and personal care retailers 9,800 −100 −1.0% −300 −3.0% 10,800 0.6%
Transportation, Warehousing, and Utilities 102,600 −100 −0.1% 700 0.7% 110,200 6.6%
Utilities 4,600 0 0.0% 100 2.2% 5,700 0.3%
Transportation and Warehousing 98,000 −100 −0.1% 600 0.6% 105,500 6.3%
Transit and ground passenger transportation 9,800 100 1.0% 300 3.2% 15,300 0.6%
Taxi and limousine service 4,800 0 0.0% 200 4.3% 11,300 0.3%
Information 19,900 200 1.0% −200 −1.0% 21,500 1.3%
Telecommunications 3,700 0 0.0% 100 2.8% 10,400 0.2%
Financial activities 78,800 −200 −0.3% −1,000 −1.3% 80,600 5.0%
Finance and insurance 47,000 100 0.2% −1,300 −2.7% 48,700 3.0%
Credit intermediation and related activities 19,600 0 0.0% −800 −3.9% 25,200 1.3%
Real estate and rental and leasing 31,800 −300 −0.9% 300 1.0% 32,300 2.0%
Professional and business services 219,000 2,600 1.2% 2,800 1.3% 224,000 14.0%
Professional and technical services 73,300 500 0.7% 100 0.1% 73,900 4.7%
Management of companies and enterprises 32,100 100 0.3% −1,400 −4.2% 33,700 2.0%
Administrative and waste services 113,600 2,000 1.8% 4,100 3.7% 118,700 7.3%
Administrative and support services 107,800 2,000 1.9% 4,400 4.3% 113,000 6.9%
Employment services 27,600 1,300 4.9% 2,300 9.1% 33,700 1.8%
Education and health services 179,100 2,400 1.4% 5,300 3.0% 179,300 11.4%
Educational services 15,400 1,400 10.0% −200 −1.3% 16,200 1.0%
Health care and social assistance 163,700 1,000 0.6% 5,500 3.5% 163,700 10.5%
Ambulatory health care services 76,600 100 0.1% 1,900 2.5% 76,600 4.9%
Hospitals 36,900 500 1.4% 1,700 4.8% 37,100 2.4%
Leisure and hospitality 366,000 −6,900 −1.9% 2,700 0.7% 372,900 23.4%
Arts, entertainment, and recreation 46,600 −600 −1.3% 1,600 3.6% 47,200 3.0%
Amusements, gambling, and recreation 31,500 −700 −2.2% 1,100 3.6% 32,300 2.0%
Gambling industries 10,800 −100 −0.9% 100 0.9% 13,800 0.7%
Accommodation and food services 319,400 −6,300 −1.9% 1,100 0.3% 325,700 20.4%
Accommodation 169,700 −3,800 −2.2% 1,500 0.9% 219,700 10.8%
Casino hotels 154,100 −3,500 −2.2% 2,000 1.3% 210,000 9.8%
Food services and drinking places 149,700 −2,500 −1.6% −400 −0.3% 152,300 9.6%
Restaurants and other eating places 134,000 −2,300 −1.7% −400 −0.3% 137,100 8.6%
Full-service restaurants 69,300 −1,400 −2.0% −100 −0.1% 71,500 4.4%
Limited-service eating places 64,700 −900 −1.4% −300 −0.5% 65,600 4.1%
Other services 46,900 600 1.3% 1,500 3.3% 46,900 3.0%
Government 177,300 4,400 2.5% 1,700 1.0% 190,600 11.3%
Federal 22,100 −300 −1.3% −700 −3.1% 23,200 1.4%
State government 39,000 600 1.6% 1,100 2.9% 48,800 2.5%
State government education 18,100 500 2.8% 600 3.4% 27,600 1.2%
State government, excluding education 20,900 100 0.5% 500 2.5% 21,200 1.3%
Local government 116,200 4,100 3.7% 1,300 1.1% 119,500 7.4%
Local government education 59,700 4,600 8.3% 1,400 2.4% 63,200 3.8%
Local government, excluding education 56,500 −500 −0.9% −100 −0.2% 59,800 3.6%

Seasonally Adjusted Summary Table

Series August 2025 +/- July 2025 Monthly Rate +/- August 2024 Yearly Rate Maximum Percent of Total
Total nonfarm 1,570,100 −3,800 −0.2% −100 −0.0% 1,580,400 100.0%
Total private 1,383,100 −6,000 −0.4% −1,800 −0.1% 1,395,400 88.1%
Goods-producing 185,800 −4,200 −2.2% −6,300 −3.3% 208,100 11.8%
Mining and logging 14,700 100 0.7% −100 −0.7% 15,800 0.9%
Construction 103,500 −4,400 −4.1% −7,100 −6.4% 146,400 6.6%
Manufacturing 67,600 100 0.1% 900 1.3% 67,700 4.3%
Durable goods 45,800 100 0.2% 1,600 3.6% 46,000 2.9%
Nondurable goods 21,800 0 0.0% −700 −3.1% 23,000 1.4%
Service-providing 1,384,300 400 0.0% 6,200 0.4% 1,389,100 88.2%
Private service-providing 1,197,300 −1,800 −0.2% 4,500 0.4% 1,203,700 76.3%
Trade, transportation, and utilities 292,200 −1,000 −0.3% −2,900 −1.0% 299,100 18.6%
Wholesale Trade 41,200 0 0.0% −1,200 −2.8% 42,900 2.6%
Retail trade 147,800 −400 −0.3% −1,800 −1.2% 154,300 9.4%
Transportation, Warehousing, and Utilities 103,200 −600 −0.6% 100 0.1% 105,500 6.6%
Information 19,800 100 0.5% −500 −2.5% 21,400 1.3%
Financial activities 78,800 200 0.3% −1,100 −1.4% 80,900 5.0%
Finance and insurance 47,300 400 0.9% −1,000 −2.1% 48,600 3.0%
Real estate and rental and leasing 31,500 −200 −0.6% −100 −0.3% 32,300 2.0%
Professional and business services 218,100 1,100 0.5% 1,200 0.6% 220,800 13.9%
Professional and technical services 73,400 500 0.7% 100 0.1% 73,700 4.7%
Management of companies and enterprises 32,200 400 1.3% −1,200 −3.6% 33,700 2.1%
Administrative and waste services 112,500 200 0.2% 2,300 2.1% 114,700 7.2%
Education and health services 180,100 1,300 0.7% 6,200 3.6% 180,100 11.5%
Educational services 15,700 900 6.1% −100 −0.6% 15,900 1.0%
Health care and social assistance 164,400 400 0.2% 6,300 4.0% 164,400 10.5%
Leisure and hospitality 361,800 −4,100 −1.1% 0 0.0% 369,300 23.0%
Arts, entertainment, and recreation 45,500 200 0.4% 1,600 3.6% 45,500 2.9%
Accommodation and food services 316,300 −4,300 −1.3% −1,600 −0.5% 324,100 20.1%
Other services 46,500 600 1.3% 1,600 3.6% 46,600 3.0%
Government 187,000 2,200 1.2% 1,700 0.9% 187,000 11.9%
Federal 22,000 −100 −0.5% −700 −3.1% 23,100 1.4%
State government 44,700 100 0.2% 1,000 2.3% 45,800 2.8%
Local government 120,300 2,200 1.9% 1,400 1.2% 120,300 7.7%

Totals & Clusters

Row 2

Total Nonfarm

Goods-producing

Service-providing

Total private

Private Service-Providing

Natural Resources and Mining

Row 2

Mining and logging

Metal ore mining

Construction

Row 2

Construction

Construction of buildings

Specialty trade contractors

Manufacturing

Row 2

Manufacturing

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing

Other miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing

Trade, Transportation, and Utilities

Row 2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

Wholesale trade

Retail trade

Transit and ground passenger transportation

Transportation and Warehousing

Taxi and limousine service

Transportation, Warehousing, and Utilities

Utilities

Food and beverage stores

Health and personal care stores

Information

Row 2

Information

Telecommunications

Finance and insurance

Row 2

Finance and insurance

Financial activities

Real estate and rental and leasing

Professional and Business Services

Row 2

Professional and business services

Professional and technical services

Management of companies and enterprises

Administrative and support services

Administrative and waste services

Employment services

Education and health services

Row 2

Education and health services

Educational services

Health care and social assistance

Ambulatory health care services

Hospitals

Leisure and Hospitality

Row 2

Leisure and hospitality

Accommodation and food services

Accommodation

Amusements, gambling, and recreation

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

Casino hotels

Gambling industries

Restaurants and other eating places

Food services and drinking places

Full-service restaurants

Limited-service eating places

Other services

Row 2

Other services

Government

Row 2

Government

Federal

State government

State government education

State government excluding education

Local government

Local government education

Local government excluding education

Summary Tables

Row 2

Non-Seasonally Adjusted Summary Table

Series August 2025 +/- July 2025 Monthly Rate +/- August 2024 Yearly Rate Maximum Percent of Total
Total nonfarm 1,140,400 −3,800 −0.3% −100 −0.0% 1,164,300 100.0%
Total private 1,024,400 −6,100 −0.6% 400 0.0% 1,039,900 89.8%
Goods-producing 106,000 −2,700 −2.5% −4,800 −4.3% 139,900 9.3%
Mining and logging 500 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 700 0.0%
Construction 75,000 −2,700 −3.5% −4,900 −6.1% 112,000 6.6%
Construction of buildings 11,400 −300 −2.6% −600 −5.0% 19,400 1.0%
Specialty trade contractors 55,900 −2,100 −3.6% −4,300 −7.1% 82,500 4.9%
Manufacturing 30,500 0 0.0% 100 0.3% 30,700 2.7%
Durable goods 17,200 0 0.0% 600 3.6% 18,200 1.5%
Other miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing 4,500 0 0.0% 200 4.7% 5,100 0.4%
Nondurable goods 13,300 0 0.0% −500 −3.6% 14,100 1.2%
Service-providing 1,034,400 −1,100 −0.1% 4,700 0.5% 1,054,500 90.7%
Private service-providing 918,400 −3,400 −0.4% 5,200 0.6% 930,100 80.5%
Trade, transportation, and utilities 207,200 100 0.0% −1,600 −0.8% 221,000 18.2%
Wholesale Trade 26,000 0 0.0% −600 −2.3% 26,800 2.3%
Retail trade 107,900 200 0.2% −1,100 −1.0% 115,900 9.5%
Food and beverage stores 21,400 −100 −0.5% −100 −0.5% 22,200 1.9%
Health and personal care retailers 8,000 −100 −1.2% −300 −3.6% 8,900 0.7%
Transportation, Warehousing, and Utilities 73,300 −100 −0.1% 100 0.1% 79,800 6.4%
Utilities 2,900 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 3,500 0.3%
Transportation and Warehousing 70,400 −100 −0.1% 100 0.1% 76,900 6.2%
Transit and ground passenger transportation 8,700 0 0.0% 300 3.6% 14,400 0.8%
Taxi and limousine service 4,700 0 0.0% 300 6.8% 11,100 0.4%
Information 14,700 200 1.4% 0 0.0% 15,700 1.3%
Telecommunications 2,800 0 0.0% 100 3.7% 7,100 0.2%
Financial activities 60,700 −200 −0.3% −400 −0.7% 62,200 5.3%
Finance and insurance 35,500 0 0.0% −700 −1.9% 36,800 3.1%
Credit intermediation and related activities 15,700 0 0.0% −800 −4.8% 19,800 1.4%
Real estate and rental and leasing 25,200 −200 −0.8% 300 1.2% 25,800 2.2%
Professional and business services 166,300 2,200 1.3% 2,700 1.7% 170,400 14.6%
Professional and technical services 51,800 200 0.4% −800 −1.5% 52,900 4.5%
Management of companies and enterprises 25,200 0 0.0% −1,200 −4.5% 26,500 2.2%
Administrative and waste services 89,300 2,000 2.3% 4,700 5.6% 92,700 7.8%
Administrative and support services 85,700 2,000 2.4% 4,900 6.1% 89,000 7.5%
Employment services 19,800 900 4.8% 2,200 12.5% 23,600 1.7%
Other support services 9,700 500 5.4% 1,200 14.1% 12,600 0.9%
Education and health services 130,300 300 0.2% 900 0.7% 133,000 11.4%
Health care and social assistance 120,500 200 0.2% 3,600 3.1% 121,500 10.6%
Ambulatory health care services 58,500 0 0.0% 1,300 2.3% 59,400 5.1%
Hospitals 25,200 200 0.8% 600 2.4% 25,400 2.2%
Leisure and hospitality 303,800 −6,200 −2.0% 2,700 0.9% 310,000 26.6%
Arts, entertainment, and recreation 33,800 −500 −1.5% 1,400 4.3% 34,300 3.0%
Amusements, gambling, and recreation 20,900 −400 −1.9% 900 4.5% 21,400 1.8%
Gambling industries 6,300 0 0.0% 100 1.6% 6,800 0.6%
Accommodation and food services 270,000 −5,700 −2.1% 1,300 0.5% 275,700 23.7%
Accommodation 148,800 −3,800 −2.5% 1,400 0.9% 184,700 13.0%
Casino hotels 136,200 −3,500 −2.5% 1,700 1.3% 174,900 11.9%
Food services and drinking places 121,200 −1,900 −1.5% −100 −0.1% 123,100 10.6%
Restaurants and other eating places 108,700 −1,800 −1.6% 0 0.0% 110,500 9.5%
Full-service restaurants 57,800 −1,100 −1.9% 200 0.3% 59,100 5.1%
Limited-service eating places 50,900 −700 −1.4% −200 −0.4% 51,600 4.5%
Other services 35,400 200 0.6% 900 2.6% 35,400 3.1%
Government 116,000 2,300 2.0% −500 −0.4% 125,000 10.2%
Federal 14,700 −100 −0.7% −300 −2.0% 16,100 1.3%
State government 20,500 600 3.0% 800 4.1% 25,300 1.8%
Local government 80,800 1,800 2.3% −1,000 −1.2% 84,900 7.1%

Seasonally Adjusted Summary Table

Series August 2025 +/- July 2025 Monthly Rate +/- August 2024 Yearly Rate Maximum Percent of Total
Total nonfarm 1,142,900 −4,300 −0.4% −5,000 −0.4% 1,158,200 100.0%

Totals and Clusters

Row 2

Total Non-Farm

Goods-producing

Service-providing

Total private

Private service providing

Natural Resources and Mining

Mining and logging

Construction

Row 2

Construction

Construction of buildings

Specialty trade contractors

Manufacturing

Row 2

Manufacturing

Nondurable goods

Durable goods

Other miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing

Trade, transportation, and utilities

Row 2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

Wholesale trade

Retail trade

Food and beverage stores

Health and personal care stores

Transportation, Warehousing, and Utilities

Utilities

Transportation and Warehousing

Transit and ground passenger transportation

Taxi and limousine service

Information

Row 2

Information

Telecommunications

Financial activities

Row 2

Financial activities

Finance and insurance

Real estate and rental and leasing

Professional and business services

Row 2

Professional and business services

Professional and technical services

Management of companies and enterprises

Administrative and waste services

Administrative and support services

Employment services

Other support services

Education and health services

Row 2

Education and health services

Health care and social assistance

Ambulatory health care services

Hospitals

Leisure and Hospitality

Row 2

Leisure and hospitality

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

Amusements, gambling, and recreation

Gambling industries

Accommodation and food services

Accommodation

Casino hotels

Food services and drinking places

Restaurants and other eating places

Full-service restaurants

Limited-service eating places

Other services

Row 2

Other services

Government

Row 2

Government

Federal

State government

Local government

Summary Tables

Row 2

Non-Seasonally Adjusted Summary Table

Series August 2025 +/- July 2025 Monthly Rate +/- August 2024 Yearly Rate Maximum Percent of Total
Total nonfarm 278,600 −400 −0.1% 800 0.3% 285,600 100.0%
Total private 247,800 0 0.0% −100 −0.0% 249,100 88.9%
Goods-producing 54,300 −700 −1.3% −1,300 −2.3% 56,300 19.5%
Mining and logging 900 100 12.5% 0 0.0% 1,700 0.3%
Construction 23,100 −600 −2.5% −1,700 −6.9% 27,100 8.3%
Manufacturing 30,300 −200 −0.7% 400 1.3% 31,100 10.9%
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing 1,900 0 0.0% 100 5.6% 3,900 0.7%
Service-providing 224,300 300 0.1% 2,100 0.9% 229,900 80.5%
Private service-providing 193,500 700 0.4% 1,200 0.6% 193,500 69.5%
Trade, transportation, and utilities 59,200 −300 −0.5% −1,300 −2.1% 63,800 21.2%
Wholesale Trade 9,800 0 0.0% −300 −3.0% 11,900 3.5%
Retail trade 25,200 −100 −0.4% −800 −3.1% 27,000 9.0%
Food and beverage stores 4,500 −100 −2.2% −100 −2.2% 4,700 1.6%
Transportation, Warehousing, and Utilities 24,200 −200 −0.8% −200 −0.8% 26,300 8.7%
Information 3,800 0 0.0% −100 −2.6% 3,900 1.4%
Financial activities 11,800 0 0.0% −200 −1.7% 12,400 4.2%
Finance and insurance 6,600 0 0.0% −100 −1.5% 6,900 2.4%
Professional and business services 35,400 1,000 2.9% 1,000 2.9% 35,700 12.7%
Administrative and waste services 16,400 200 1.2% −100 −0.6% 20,300 5.9%
Education and health services 34,200 600 1.8% 1,900 5.9% 34,200 12.3%
Leisure and hospitality 41,100 −700 −1.7% −300 −0.7% 45,500 14.8%
Accommodation and food services 33,000 −500 −1.5% −200 −0.6% 38,300 11.8%
Accommodation 12,400 −200 −1.6% −300 −2.4% 28,900 4.5%
Casino hotels 11,000 −200 −1.8% −200 −1.8% 27,800 3.9%
Food services and drinking places 20,600 −300 −1.4% 100 0.5% 20,900 7.4%
Other services 8,000 100 1.3% 200 2.6% 8,000 2.9%
Government 30,800 −400 −1.3% 900 3.0% 36,800 11.1%
Federal 4,100 −100 −2.4% −200 −4.7% 4,600 1.5%
State government 9,100 100 1.1% 100 1.1% 13,200 3.3%
Local government 17,600 −400 −2.2% 1,000 6.0% 19,800 6.3%

Seasonally Adjusted Summary Table

Series August 2025 +/- July 2025 Monthly Rate +/- August 2024 Yearly Rate Maximum Percent of Total
Total nonfarm 280,800 −400 −0.1% 800 0.3% 283,600 100.0%

Totals and Clusters

Row 2

Total Nonfarm

Goods-producing

Service-providing

Total private

Private service providing

Mining and logging

Row 2

Mining and logging

Construction

Row 2

Construction

Manufacturing

Row 2

Manufacturing

Miscellaneous Durable Goods Manufacturing

Trade, transportation, and utilities

Row 2

Trade, transportation, and utilities

Wholesale trade

Retail trade

Food and beverage stores

Transportation, Warehousing, and Utilities

Information

Row 2

Information

Financial activities

Row 2

Financial activities

Finance and insurance

Professional and business services

Row 2

Professional and business services

Administrative and waste services

Row 2

Administrative and waste services

Education and health services

Row 2

Education and health services

Leisure and Hospitality

Row 2

Leisure and hospitality

Accommodation and food services

Accommodation

Casino hotels

Food services and drinking places

Other services

Row 2

Other services

Government

Row 2

Government

Federal

State government

Local government

Summary Tables

Row 2

Non-Seasonally Adjusted Summary Table

Series August 2025 +/- July 2025 Monthly Rate +/- August 2024 Yearly Rate Maximum Percent of Total
Total nonfarm 32,500 100 0.3% 100 0.3% 33,600 100.0%
Total private 22,700 100 0.4% 0 0.0% 23,100 69.8%
Goods-producing 4,600 0 0.0% 100 2.2% 5,800 14.2%
Manufacturing 2,900 0 0.0% 100 3.6% 4,200 8.9%
Service-providing 27,900 100 0.4% 0 0.0% 28,300 85.8%
Private service-providing 18,100 100 0.6% −100 −0.5% 18,500 55.7%
Trade, transportation, and utilities 4,500 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 5,300 13.8%
Retail trade 3,200 −100 −3.0% −100 −3.0% 4,300 9.8%
Professional and business services 3,300 0 0.0% −300 −8.3% 3,600 10.2%
Leisure and hospitality 3,600 −100 −2.7% 100 2.9% 4,500 11.1%
Government 9,800 0 0.0% 100 1.0% 10,900 30.2%
Federal 600 −100 −14.3% −100 −14.3% 900 1.8%
State government 7,200 100 1.4% 200 2.9% 8,200 22.2%
Local government 2,000 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 2,800 6.2%

Seasonally Adjusted Summary Table

Series August 2025 +/- July 2025 Monthly Rate +/- August 2024 Yearly Rate Maximum Percent of Total
Total nonfarm 32,400 300 0.9% 100 0.3% 33,300 100.0%

Totals and Clusters

Row 2

Total Nonfarm

Goods-Producing

Service Providing

Total Private

Private Service-Providing

Manufacturing

Row 2

Manufacturing

Trade, Transportation, and Utilities

Row 2

Trade, Transportation, and Utilities

Retail Trade

Leisure and Hospitality

Row 2

Leisure and Hospitality

Professional and Business Services

Row 2

Professional Business Services

Government

Row 2

Government

Federal

State Government

Local Government

About

Estimates come from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program sponsored by the Bureau of Labor statistics (BLS-CES). This dashboard contains CES data for Nevada, the Las Vegas-Henderson-North Las Vegas Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), Reno- Sparks MSA, and the Carson City MSA.

Prepared by the Research and Analysis Bureau with contributions from: Antonio Solorio, Bhramman Gulati, Dionny McDonnell, David Schmidt, Marianne Kattenhorn, Benjamin Albrecth, Andrew Stencel, and Tim Wilcox.

Special thanks to all the R and RStudio developers that built the packages to make this possible. Packages used in this report include tidyverse, RColorBrewer, ggthemes, scales, cowplot, data.table, RcppRoll, transformr, gridExtra, gapminder, hrbrthemes, ggforce, patchwork, reshape2, tidyquant, kableExtra, reshape, tinytex, extrafont, knitr, magrittr, Cairo, DBI, ggrepel, magick, dplyr, gtable, grid, glue, plotly, flexdashboard, gt.